*2: Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs when germ cells (e.g. Each cell enters the interphase (G1 phase). Cytokinesis forms the nuclear envelope and nucleolus in these chromatids, making two daughter cells (Telophase). The separated chromatids (daughter chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles. The chromosomes are arranged around the equator (Metaphase). At the same time, chromatids are formed (Prometaphase). Spindle fibers stretch from the two small asters and bond with kinetochores. Small asters are formed around the centrosomes (Prophase). In the M phase, chromatin partially condenses to become thin chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down. An animal cell grows in the cell cycle consisting of the interphase (G1, S, and G2) and the mitotic (M) phase. *1: Somatic cell division is the process in which one mother cell is divided into two daughter cells. In gene expression experiments using Messenger RNA (mRNA), which codes the sequence information of proteins copied from DNA, the division process of germ cell nuclei is observed to identify the molecular mechanism of meiosis and the division controlling factors in order to determine the conditions that stabilize mRNA functions. Meiosis is also observed to identify the causes of diseases such as germ cell hypoplasia and abnormal chromosome partitioning, as well as to understand the molecular mechanism of sexual reproduction and its origin.
In the evaluation and presentation of experiment results in the researches on stem cell differentiation and cell division, the key issue is how to clearly capture the process of chromosome division in live cells. In regenerative medicine, there is active experimentation and research for pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into any type of cell constituting various tissue and organs, such as iPS cells. A lot of research on the cells of living organisms requires observation and evaluation of these division processes in chronological order.įor example, research on diseases and therapeutic drugs (drug discovery screening) observe cell behavior of tissues or organs in the pathological or healing processes. Meiosis* 2 occurs during the formation of germ cells. The cells of organisms grow while repeating somatic cell division* 1. The purpose of observing the process of cell division Examples of time-lapse imaging of cell division.The purpose of observing the process of cell division.
This section introduces examples of time-lapse imaging that captures the process of live cell division, using actual time-lapse video and images recorded with a fluorescence microscope.
Capturing and observing the process of live cell division in chronological order is very important for a variety of research. Time-lapse Imaging and Observation of Cell DivisionĬells divide when maintaining, growing, or creating life.